Revising Endosomal Trafficking under Insulin Receptor Activation

The endocytosis of ligand-bound receptors and their eventual recycling to the plasma membrane (PM) are processes that have an influence on signalling activity therefore many cell functions, including migration proliferation. Like other tyrosine kinase (TKR), insulin receptor (INSR) has been shown be endocytosed by clathrin-dependent -independent mechanisms. Once at early endosome (EE), sorting receptor, either late (LE) for degradation or back PM through slow fast pathways, will determine intensity duration effects. Both endocytic endosomic pathways regulated proteins, Arf Rab families small GTPases being some most relevant. Here, we argue a specific role route, whilst review main molecular mechanisms involved in INSR endocytosis, recycling, as well possible functions.